Ukukhetha Ukuphelelela Izintaba Ezindala Zokhetho Lwesasitile: Umkhombiso Wokuqala Wesihlanu

Ukufunda Amagcinde Yokuqala Kwesayithi Lako

Ukubeka Izidingo Zokuhlula Kwezindlela Ezifanayo

Ukukhetha ipa yamathali esebenza ngaphandle kweziciqina kufanele uqale ukujonga into eziphakathi lapho ukufakwa kuzo kuzo. Izindleko zokuvarywa, izilinganiso zokunguqeqile eziphakathi, futhi noma yiziphi izinkimba ezikho kuzo zonke zibaluleke xa ukhetha amathali aphakathi. Sebenzisa ukufakwa kwezilwandle njengosohlwayo lapho izilwandle ziphazinywa ngokuphelele amathali aqondile. Lokhu kufanele kube neziciqina ezinamandla okungcolisa ukuphazimba ngokuphelele. Izinhloko zokulandela izindlela zokulawulwa zaseNhlansi noma izinhloko zasekhaya zifanele zithathwe kuqo ngenhloso yokuthi lezi zinhloko zinikeza amathali aphakathi angenakwe kizinye indawo. Kuyindle ukuplanisa futhi ngokubangela ukuthi izimo zokulula zivuthele ngeminyaka nezinkunzi. Ipa efakwe ngoku kungase kungakhuthiwe ngokuphelele kizinye izimo ezidala ngemva kwezinkunzi. Ukuplanisa kulezi zimo kuzo kugcina izinhlobo zasebenza ngendlela efanele futhi kusebenze ngokulandela izinhloko zokulawulwa ngemva kwezinkunzi.

Ukubuya Ukuthiwe Ukuguqukazelela Amagcinde

Ukujwa ukuthi yiziphi izindleko nezinkelingo eziphilayo kuyindlela yokukhetha amapayapi amahhala amahhala. Kufanele upayapi olukhethiwe akwazi ukulondoloza konke lokhu ngaphandle kokuphula ngokuphelele. Amakhweyana anamuhla ayiqhathanisa nezinhlobo ezifanalo ASME B36.10 okuquka imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nendawo okwenzeke ngokwezindleko nezinkelingo. Ukubheka lezi zinhlobo kunciphisa ukuthi kube yini okulungile kumsebenzi ngamunye. Kukhona nokuthi kufanele ubheke izimfanelo zakamuva nezinhlobo zokusebenza ezinikeza amazwana mayelana nezindlela ezinguqulwa ngokwezimo zokusebenza emuva. Ngokubheka ngaphambili ngale ndlela, abasebenzi bakhu loku ukhetha amapayapi angakwazi ukusebenza kulo nyaka kodwa bakhale ukuthintsana ngenkathi izidingo zokusebenza ziphakathi. Ukuplanisa ngale ndlela ikunciphisa imali emuva ngokukhululeka ukulungisa noma ukubuyisa amapayapi amahlu emuva.

Ukukhetha Indawo Efanekiso Yestainless Steel

Amagreyde Amancane Ngesikheme Sesibhedele (304, 316, 316L)

Isibhukelo sepipekhi esingena ngokupheleleyo esebenzisa amagrade amaningi, ngelokho amathathu kweziyiya ayagqanywa ngabantle nezifuna: 304, 316, kunye ne-316L. I-Grade 304 stainless steel yenze isicelo esikhulu kakhulu emindeni yabantier yoqobo. Yaziwa ngokuba yi-"18/8" kuba inamacili aphakathi kwe-18% chromium kunye ne-8% nickel, le grade iyasebenza ngokukhulu kwiindlela zokusebenzisa izinto zokudla kunye nezokudlulwa kwezilwanyana apho kufuneka kubekwe ukulawulwa kwekorrasiyo kunye nokuhlula ngokukhawuleza. Xa izimo ziphakathi kwezinkinga, ngqo ngokokusebenzisa isalathu okanye ikhlolile, i-grade 316 yinto enokutheniyo. Ukudibanisa i-molybdenum ikunye nokwehala olunye ngokulawulwa kwekhlolile, yinto enokutheniyo kwiindlela zasekapa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenzisa izinto zokuchitha. Abantu abasebenzisa amaweldi, kunezinto ezinjalo i-316L stainless steel enokutheniyo. Ngaqo ukuba amacili amancinci endaweni yesiqhelo se-316, iyahluka kwezinye i-carbide precipitates ukuba yilandelwa xa kugcinwa ngokugqibeleleyo, ngoko ke ikunye ukulawulwa kwekorrosion ye-intergranular emva koko. Le nto iyahluka yonke into kwiiprojekthi ezingenisa ukudibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo.

Kubaluleli nezimalayezwe ezifuna isisindo esetshenziswa kuzindlela nezindlela ezingenaphansi kwezinkinga zokucindezela, ukukhetha indawo ephambene nezinto eziphambene nezinhlobo zokubhala ngokuphelele kuyindleke. Kuhlanganisa kwezinye izinhlobo, kubaluleke ukuthi kuthunyelwe kusizo olufanele.

Ukuphucula Kwesibhedlela Ngesikhatsi Esidingiwe

Lokhu kakhulu ukukhetha izilayidi zomoya wesiliva, kubaluleke ukutholwa kwequilibrium phakathi kwezifiso zokungena kwekorrasi noyindlela. I-Grade 316 ishaya ngokuthi kungena kwekorrasi, ngokukodwa lapho izimo ziphakeme, hhayi noma kunjalo kuthengwa ngokwehlisa izindleko ekuqaleni. I-Grade 304, engaba yincipha ngokwesibonelo, kahle kakhulu kuthengwa ngokwengeza izindleko zokulungisa emuva kuba ayithandi kakhulu ukungena kwezicuku nezokwehlisa. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthengisa noma ngisho ne-316 iyaphela emuva. Le siliva ephawulekayo ithula amagatsha nezindleko zokubuyisa ngolesithathu kakhulu ngoba iyaphila kakhulu lapho itholakala kwekorrasi njengoba kuchazwe kumcabaneni we-Journal of Structural Engineering.

Ku-ndaba zokuthuthukisa, ukulungiselela lokuphela ngokubanzi kanye nokugcina okudala siyinhlangano sokuqala. Ukusangisisa lokho lama-studies lingakwazanga ulungiselelwa lokuhlola amagcinyi akhe amahluke ahlula ezindaleni zokushintsha, ukuhlonishwa kokuthi iziphumela zasezantsi zizohluleka ngekhontrakosta emdledleni wephrojekthi.

Ukukhetha Isayizi Sempiphi Ngesikheduli Futhi

Ukufika eNominal Pipe Size (NPS) Amasithanduzo

Isistimu ye-Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) isikhokhelwa ekukulayisheni kwezithunzi zokugcinwa kwezinye izinhloso, okungenhla kubona ubukhulu bendawo nasekugcinwa kwezihlukahluka. Kukhona ukuthiwa kufanele ukwazi ngokufanayo kweNPS kube khona ngisho nayo impakho yakho ngokubangelwa kwezinto eziflowa kungaphandle futhi ukuthi na-ndawo azifanayo ziyaqhutaniswa ngokufanele. Bheka izinombolo eziyisisekelo - okuthiwa ngokuthi ngenhla 3 ziyakwazi ukuba ngama-3.5 inches ngokwesibonelo. Xa kuyadala ukuthiwa ngenhla yeNPS okufanele, abasebenzi base engineering kufanele bakwazi ukuthiwa abaningi abekele ukuthiwa. Ukungabi naleso hatsho kungenzeka ukuthiwa kunezinkinga eziningi ngokwemva, njengezindlela ezingenakwazi ukubangelwa noma izindlela ezingenakwazi ukuthiwa kuzo. Abasebenzi basezokugcinwa kwezinto ezinamandla kakhulu bezifundisa ukuthiwa ukuthiwa kweNPS kungenzeka ukuthiwa kunezinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu, okungenzeka ukuthiwa ukuthiwa kwezinhloso kufanele kube khona ukuthiwa kuzo zonke izinhloso.

Ukubonisa i-Schedule 40 ngokwesikhombisa ne-Schedule 80

Xa uhlolelwa i-Schedule 40 kumaqakatha i-Schedule 80, ubuningi obuphakathi bukuquka kakhulu kwezindlela nezimalini ezingasebenzisa nganye. I-Schedule 40 inezindlela ezingaphansi kokuqinile nezime ngaphansi kuka-Schedule 80. Kodwa xa kusebenzisa kakhulu ukukhululeka kweqiniso, abasebenzisi beqiniso bahlala basebenzisa i-Schedule 80 ngokuba le ndlela ephakeme ngokuholela kahle kakhulu ngokugcinwa kwezimala. Khumbula izindawo ezifana nezilimathisini zokuchitha noma izindlela zomvubu zasekhaya lapho ubukhona bokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu. Yize kule ndawo zokusebenzisa, ukusebenzisa i-Schedule 80 kuyindlela engcono xa kufuna ukuthi into iyisethelo neyokuthembekile ngokudla. Abahlinzeli abaningi baza kuthi i-Schedule 40 isebenza kahle ngemakhaya, kodwa abasebenzisi basebenzisana nabasebenzisi bokwenza izilimathisini bazi ukuthi kungafanele kwehlise kakhulu kumaqandla xa kusebenzisa izimala eziphakeme. Ngiyabonga, i-Schedule 80 ingatholwa ngokuthunyelwe kakhulu, kodwa le nto ethunyelwe ingakhiya kakhulu ngokugcina ukungabi noma ukungathatha izinkinga emuveni.

Ukucabanga Isicelo -Imibono Efanayo

Amavuselelowo neNhliziyo Yegase

Kwimboni yesithuthi nezindleke, ukulandelana nezimo ezithile ngokwenza kwezithuthi ezifundiweyo kungaba kudingekile kakhulu ukwenza kahle. Izimo le ezikhona yinkathi izithuthi zokubamba izici ephakeme kanye nezilindele ezihlangothi ngeke zikhohlwe. Istele yenkosi ishukela kakhulu kwezinye izindleke ngoba izithuthi eziyengeziweyo azingelwa ngokomoya futhi zingasebenza ngokude ngaphandle kwezinye. Ngokuhlolwa kwezindlu zokungenela phansi kwezimali, izithuthi zamanzi ashelelweyo zingakumelela uba ngokuhle futhi zenke kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa emuva kweqile. Kunezinkampani ezikuchaza ukuthi izindleko zokulungisa zingezwa nge-30% emva kokuthi zibuyeke izithuthi zabo.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka i-Global Seamless Tubes & Pipes.

Izindinganiso Zokucubungula Amakhemikhali Nezenhlanzeko

Imiphiyameli kanye nezokudla kanye nezindlela zokwenza izinhlelo zonke zidinga lezi ziphini ezijwayelekileyo zokwesilinda esingenhla futhi zifakwe ngemigaqo yokuhlonipha. Ukutholwa kweqiniso losiyo ngoNgoziyo weFDA noma i-3A akuyona kuphela okunguqiniso kodwa kuyindlela esenza ngayo ukulinda kakhulu nokungena kwezinhlobo. Iziphini ezilinda zibonakala ngokukhanya ngokuthi zilinda kakhulu ukuvuka, ngisho ngenxa yokuthi ngekho ukungena kwezinyawo futhi kungcono ukuvuka ngokungafeli. Lapho izifiseli zisebenzisa leli khanda, zilinda ukungena kwezinhlobo, okulinda abasebenzisi kakhulu futhi kubona ukuthi amagrememende awaphale. Kuzindaweni zokwenza izinhlelo lapho kuzonke kuhamba ngokukhanya, iziphini ezilinda zisebenza ngokuthi zilinda kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuthi zilinda kakhulu. Kuyindlela yokukhetha i-grade yamathisile yokuphini okulinda kakhulu okuthile, izisebenziso ezahlukene zidinga izinkomba ezahlukene ngokwokuhamba kwezindlela zokuvuka futhi kungabi noma yiliphi izimo ezidinga ukutholakala kakhulu. iMIKHIQIZO imihlaba nezinhle. Istele yenqanawe iyahlukana ngokuthi ikhona yekhile futhi ingakapheli ngokomoya futhi ingakhanyelwe ngokuthulasayo. Uma izinhlelo zisebenzisa leli khanda, bazokhuphela ukungena kwezinhlanu kwezinto eziyini, okuyikhipha abasebenzisi bango bethembekile futhi abakhonkholo abakhulelwe. Kuzindawo zokwenza izinhlanu lapho kunezimo eziphakeme kakhulu, istele yenqanawe isebenza ngendlela ethembekile futhi ingakhuphi izindawo zokusebenza. Kuhlangene ukuthola uhlobo lwepa lweistele yenqanawe luhle futhi kunezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingadinga ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele ngokwengqondo yokukhanyelwa futhi kuyini okudingekayo ukuthuthwa kwezimo.

Ukubona amagcinane amaphi, phendula i-Shubhlaxmi Metals & Tubes Pvt. Ltd.

Ukubuyela Ngenkathi Yezimpilo Ezincedisiwe

Amakhompiyenti kunye noPhrofeshoni LokuSasihlaliswa

Lapho ukhetha umkhiqizi wamapayipi angenamthungo ensimbi engagqwali, ukubheka izitifiketi zomkhakha ezifana ne-ISO ne-ASME kwenza umehluko uma kuziwa kwikhwalithi nokwethenjelwa. Lezi zinhlobo zezitifiketi zibonisa ukuthi inkampani ilandela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe futhi inezinhlelo ezifanele zokulawula ikhwalithi endaweni into ebaluleke ngempela ezimbonini ezinzima ezifana nophethiloli negesi lapho ukwehluleka kungeyona inketho. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi izinkampani ezihlola ikhwalithi ngokuqinile zivame ukukhiqiza imiphumela engcono ngoba amapayipi azo awaphuki kalula ngaphansi kokucindezeleka noma izimo ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Global Seamless Tubes & Pipes isanda kusungula isitolo eLouisiana futhi yaqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ngokugxila kwayo kwikhwalithi ngokunamathela ngokuqinile kulezo zindinganiso ezaziwayo. Amakhasimende athola ukuthula kwengqondo ngokwazi ukuthi laba bantu bathatha ikhwalithi ngokungathi sína kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.

Amalanga Amagcinyiwe kanye nokuthi Umsamo Wokususela Luyahlukile

Ukufunda ukuthi yini indawo yokwenza izindleko engeyona yindlela esebenza ngayo kuyindlela esebenzayo ngoba lokhu kuyikhokhisela ngqo kwemva kwezindawo futhi kuyinhambisano yokuthi imisebenzi yasebenza kanjani. Xa izindleko zenkulu zibe ngokuphezulu, izindawo zonke zenza ukuthi zibe ngokudla, okwenzeka ngokungcono kwezimali futhi kwenziwa ngokungcono ukuthi kufinyelelwe amathewa wezimali. Izinto eziningi zenza ukuthi ukushunyiwe kwezindleko kusebenze futhi kuhlanganise nendawo yekhambi, ukuthi yini amathuba wokwenza izindleko, futhi ukuthatha into ngokuthi xa kunezindleko ezikhulu noma ezincane. Izinkampani ezomelwe ukuzivikelwa kwezinkinga kufanele bakhulume noma abanye abasebenzisa ukuthi yini indlela yokwenza izindleko yekhambi. Ukubheka izindawo ezithile lapho izindleko zenkulu zenza ukuthi kushunywe kwezindleko kunezindleko ezikhulu kunezindleko ezincane. Sebenzisa isibonelo sikaGlobal Seamless Tubes & Pipes. Baye bakhona emkhathini wenkulungwana noma ukuthi baphumelela kakhulu kwezindleko ezingaphansi kwezindleko. Lokhu kuyindlela yokuthatha izindleko ezikhulu futhi kuyindlela yokuthatha into ngokuthi kunezindleko ezikhulu noma ezincane. eKHAYA ukuvumela ukuba kuhlangene nezicelo ezifanelekileyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Zingeni ezinomgciwano ngizoba ngizokubona ngenxa yini? amaphipha amandla esesihlanu esikhulu ?

Funda izinkinga zokuhlola, amanqaku-amatempetha, ukugcwalisa kwezinsiza, ukuhlawulwa okunye nezinye izindlela zokusebenza.

Ngubani amagreyde angadifane kwiimandla esesihlanu esezisetyenziswa kwiimandla esesihlanu esikhulu?

Amagreyde angakhulu, njenge-304, 316 kunye ne-316L, bayo babonakale ifayidensi engcono lokungabhedekile, ukukhula nokuthi abafanele kuzisebenzela ngazo kuminingi wezinhlanga kunye neziinzalo.

Yintoni ungene kuNominal Pipe Size (NPS) iindawo zokubala?

Iindawo zakubala kwe-NPS zikhethelwa ukuba zibheke iindawo zenkunku, zokusondela umdume wendawo wenkcane kunye nomnyama, okungaba apho iphi indawo yokuphucula kunye nokufanelela.

Ngubani ukudifana kweSchedule 40 kunye neSchedule 80 iimandla esesihlanu?

Iimandla esesihlanu e-Schedule 40 iyomnyama omncane kunye nokuba imphakathi, futhi iimandla esesihlanu e-Schedule 80 iyomnyama omkhulu, okungabafanele kuzisebenzela ngokuphakamisela kweamanqaku ekubaluleneyo.

Iindawo ezikhoyo zingaphezulu lokusebenzela iimandla esesihlanu kwisezulwini lesiOil kunye neGas?

Izicathulo ezikhethelene ngezihlobo ezifanele ukusebenza ngasafu esishiyagalombili kunye nokuchincha kwezikhatsi zikhululekile, futhi amacertification ephakamisa uhlelo lomphahla nokupheli.